Weber's Pharmacy - Article 1: "Wolf's Bane - A dangerous Poison?"
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Weber's Pharmacy - Article 1: "Wolf's Bane - A dangerous Poison?"
by Anthony_Weber Mon Mar 28, 2011 8:45 pm
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Date of Entry: 28th March 2011
J. Am. Herb
Weber A, L. Chiun.
Wolf's Bane - A dangerous Poison?
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Abstract:
Plants from the genous Actonitum, also known as Monkshood, or as wolfsbane is a ubiquitous perennial plant, belonging to the buttercup family. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurence of this species of plants, as well as the physiological effects of monkshood. Its relevence in the scientific field include:
1. To obtain a better understanding of the dangerous toxicological effects of the plants
2. To raise awareness of the populace to not come into direct contact with these plants
3. To identify any uses this species may be exploited with.
Animal studies were confirmed by the U.S. ethics approval committee for science research.
Conclusion: Monkshood was identified to be very poisonous, especially to the species Canis lupus in a controlled animal study, seeming to result in a 1,000 fold effectiveness of the toxoid damage in the body of the wolf (n=5) compared to the results published in a study in rats (n=30). This seems to converge with historical mythology, only in a different perspective. In a related zoo-logical study of niches, wolves were found to be an average of 1km away from environments where monkshood grows... These environments include:
- High areas (mountains such as mount Chilliad)
- Areas with moisture-retentive but well draining soils (such as mountain meadows)
Figure 1 - A classical example of Aconitum napellus, the most common of the species.
Section 1 - Toxicological effects
Following an animal study on rats, juice from Aconitum napellus in small amounts (1-5mL) produced:
- Numbness and tingling (Either due to safe anaesthetic properties, or neuronal destruction)
- Diahorrea
- Emesis (( vomiting ))
The Lethal-Dose[50] was identified to be 10-30mL of tincture, even when being applied to the least absorptive dose of the body (Their paws were used)
A further study moved on to move [b]strangely proved that 1-5mL of tincture has killed a 100% of the wolf subjects (n=5). Wolves were very
[b]Aconitine, is a POTENT neurotoxin that blocks sodium channels sensitive to tetrodoxotin, which very rapidly ceases neurotransmission. (Observed death range in wolves: 30-90 minutes)
Section 2 - Application to Pharmacy: Development of an anti-dote to potentially effected humans
Pao zhi: A chinese herbal preparation that involves a whole blend of active ingredients with no explained anti-toxoid effect. During the 5-wolf study, a 100% mortality rate was observed. The five wolves were given also Pao zhi at a range of doses, but they did not respond, potentially proving this herbal preparation useless.
Further research could be carried out on the use of:
Na+/glucose injections -- For an emergency measure, it is suspected that the life of an effected human could be prolonged if a sodium surge is provided to compensate for the neuronal disabling.
Aconitine-antibodies -- In-silico studies are underway to develop an anti-body that will aggregate and disable aconitine molecules in order to limit the damage caused by this poison.
Figure 2 - The proposed structure of aconitine
Section 3 - References
- Esposito A. [Interview], 26-Mar-2011.
- Weber A, Azzoppardi M, Camilleri C. Analysis of the effects of Aconitine on rats and wolves: An animal study. Eur. Pharm J. [09-Dec-2010]: 268(1); 365-366
- Chiun L. Screening for potential leads for an aconitine-antibody: An in silico study. Eur. Pharm J. [24-Jan-2011]
- Hackes R, Borg R. A study of the niche of werewolves. US. An. Stud. [03-Mar-2009]: 100(2); 300-305
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Last edited by Anthony_Weber on Tue Mar 29, 2011 7:44 am; edited 3 times in total (Reason for editing : Edited title so people would be interested enough to read it)
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